Jute is a long, soft and shiny bast fiber that can be spun into coarse and strong yarns. It is made from flowering plants of the genus Corchorus of the mallow family (Mallow family). The main source of fiber is Corchorus olitorius, but such fibers are considered to be inferior to Corchorus capsularis. “Jute” is the name of a burlap, burlap, or plant or fiber used to make burlap. Jute is one of the cheapest natural fibers and outperforms cotton in terms of production and versatility. Jute fiber is mainly composed of the vegetable substances cellulose and lignin. jute bag, along with kenaf, industrial cannabis, flax (linen), ramie, etc., fall into the category of bast fibers (bast, phloem of plants, sometimes called “skin”). The terminology for jute fiber is raw jute. The fibers are cream to brown and are 1 to 4 meters long. Jute is also known as “golden fiber” because of its color and high cash value.
Jute plants require flat alluvial soil and still water. During the monsoon season, the monsoon climate provides a suitable environment for jute growth (warm and moist). A temperature of 20-40 ° C (68-104 ° F) and a relative humidity of 70-80% are suitable for successful cultivation. Jute requires a weekly rainfall of 5-8 cm or more during the sowing period. Soft water is required to make jute. Jute is an integral part of Bangladeshi culture and is part of West Bengal and Assam. The British began trading jute in the 17th century. During the reign of the British Empire, jute was also used by the military. Baron Jute of England became wealthy by processing jute and selling products made from it. Baron Dundee Jute and the East India Company set up many jute factories in Bengal, and by 1895 the Bengal jute industry overtook the Scottish jute trade.
Scottish people emigrated to Bengal and set up a jute factory there. Over a billion jute sandbags have been exported from Bengal to World War I trenches and the southern United States for cotton bagging. It has been used in the fishing, construction, arts and defense industries. Initially, the texture allowed it to be worked only manually until someone in Dundee discovered that the machine would work when treated with whale oil. The industry was booming from the 18th to the 19th centuries (“Jute Weaver” was a trade recognized by the 1900 census), but this trade was mostly by the 1970s with the advent of synthetic fibers. It has stopped. In the 21st century, jute once again became an important export crop around the world, mainly in Bangladesh.
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